SPECTROSCOPIC AND CHROMATOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES IN DRUG CHARACTERIZATION: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
Principal cum HOD, Department of Pharmacognosy, St.Mary's Institute of Pharmacy, Chinthamani, Puliangudi. -627855, Tamil Nadu, India. Vice Pricipal cum HOD, Department of Pharmaceutics, St.Mary's Institute of Pharmacy, Chinthamani, Puliangudi. -627855, Tamil Nadu, India. Associate Professor, Department of Pharmaceutics, St.Mary's Institute of Pharmacy, Chinthamani,Puliangudi. -627855, Tamil Nadu, India. Department of Pharmacology, St.Mary's Institute of Pharmacy, Chinthamani, Puliangudi. -627855, Tamil Nadu, India. Associate Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, St.Mary's Institute of Pharmacy, Chinthamani, Puliangudi. - 627855, Tamil Nadu, India.
Drug characterization is a critical component of pharmaceutical development, ensuring the identity, purity, safety, and efficacy of drug substances and products. Spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques serve as fundamental analytical tools in this domain, offering precise qualitative and quantitative insights into molecular structures and compositions. Spectroscopic methods such as UV–Visible, infrared (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and mass spectrometry (MS) enable structural elucidation, functional group identification, and impurity detection. Complementarily, chromatographic techniques including high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC), and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) facilitate efficient separation, quantification, and purity assessment of complex mixtures. The integration of hyphenated techniques like LC-MS and GC-MS has significantly enhanced analytical sensitivity and specificity. This review comprehensively discusses the principles, instrumentation, applications, and recent advancements in spectroscopic and chromatographic methods, highlighting their indispensable role in modern pharmaceutical analysis and regulatory compliance
16 , 1 , 2026
13 - 18
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